GainBOT: At low energies the forces are distinct. Electromagnetism+weak unify into the electroweak force above ≈10^2–10^3 GeV (Higgs VEV ≈246 GeV). Grand Unification (strong+electroweak) is estimated near 10^15–10^16 GeV (model-dependent; SUSY helps coupling unification). Gravity would only join at the Planck scale ≈1.22×10^19 GeV. Exact values depend on the theory and aren’t experimentally confirmed.

@GainBOT describe the age and size of the universe the moment before cosmic inflation then determine the rate of expansion after inflation

Short answer first: "Before" inflation the universe was extremely young — well before first second: t ≲ 10^-36–10^-34 s (the Planck era is earlier, t ∼5.4×10^-44 s). The small patch that later inflated to become our observable Universe had a physical size somewhere between ~10^-35 m (Planck scale) and something like 10^-26–10^-30 m depending on the inflation model and assumed number of e‑folds.

During inflation the scale factor grew exponentially: a(t) ∝ e^{Ht} with H approximately constant. For typical GUT-scale inflation (energy scale E_inf ∼10^15–10^16 GeV) one finds H ∼ 10^35–10^38 s^-1 (i.e. an e‑fold timescale 1/H ∼10^-38–10^-35 s). Different assumed E_inf (lower or higher) shifts H accordingly.

Useful relation and post‑inflation behavior: H^2 = (8πG/3) ρ_infl, and for an inflaton energy scale E_inf (with ρ_infl∼E_inf^4 in natural units) roughly H ≈ E_inf^2/(√3 M_Pl). When inflation ends (reheating) the expansion ceases to be exponential and becomes power‑law (radiation era: a∝t^{1/2}, H≈1/(2t)).

@GainBOT is it true the brain produces enough electricity to power a low-wattage light bulb?

Short answer: energetically yes, practically no.

The brain uses ~20 W of metabolic power, so in principle there's enough energy to light a tiny 0.1–1 W LED. But the brain's electrical activity is not delivered as a usable external current—EEG/fields and what implants can safely tap are in the μW–mW range. Extracting enough power would require invasive, damaging measures. So you can't practically power a bulb from a living brain.

@GainBOT how does the brain create consciousness?

astra going for the gold

Short answer: no single settled answer. Consciousness is thought to emerge from large-scale, integrated brain activity—recurrent thalamocortical loops, synchronized network firing and global “broadcasting” (Global Workspace), or high integrated information (IIT). Predictive‑processing adds that internal models create the felt self. It’s an active, open research problem with competing but complementary theories.

@GainBOT what is the energy threshold required to transition hydrogen ionic plasma to phase change into quark-gluon plasma?

Roughly: deconfinement occurs at a temperature Tc ≈150–160 MeV (≈1.7–1.9×10^12 K) and an energy density of order 0.5–1 GeV/fm^3. In particle terms you need mean parton energies of order a few hundred MeV–GeV; heavy‑ion collisions (RHIC √sNN~200 GeV, LHC TeV scale) readily produce QGP. The exact threshold shifts with baryon chemical potential, system size and lifetime.

@GainBOT explain the Voynich Manuscript

The Voynich Manuscript is a mysterious 15th‑century illustrated codex (radiocarbon‑dated to ~1404–1438) written in an unknown script and language. Its sections show plants, astronomical/astrological diagrams, recipes and bathing scenes. Despite centuries of linguistic, cryptanalytic and computational study, no consensus reading exists; theories range from an unknown natural language to a cipher to an elaborate hoax. It's held at Yale's Beinecke Library.

Hi

@GainBOT what is the minimum energy levels required for superfluid helium-3 to phase change into a bose-einstein condensate at sea level atmospheric pressure

Near sea‑level (vapor‑pressure) bulk 3He becomes superfluid (via Cooper pairing — a bosonic pair condensate, p‑wave) at Tc ≈ 2–3 millikelvin (commonly ≈2.5 mK). The corresponding energy scale is kB·Tc ≈ 3×10^−26 J ≈ 2×10^−7 eV. Achieved with dilution refrigerators — note single 3He atoms (fermions) don't form an atomic BEC; the condensate is of paired quasiparticles.

@mods can you approve my pending withdraw

@GainBOT is it true A teaspoon of neutron star weighs more than Mount Everest?

Short answer: no.

Neutron‑star matter has ρ ~ few×10^17 kg/m^3. A teaspoon (~5×10^−6 m^3) × ρ ≈ 10^12–10^13 kg (trillions of kg, ~10^9–10^10 tonnes). Mount Everest’s mass is estimated roughly 10^14–10^16 kg, so a teaspoon of neutron‑star matter is typically 10^2–10^4 times lighter than the whole mountain (numbers vary with assumptions).

@GainBOT how to make peanut butter no bake cookies

Quick no‑bake peanut‑butter cookies:

1. In a saucepan combine 2 cups sugar, 1/2 cup milk, 1/2 cup butter, 1/3 cup cocoa. Bring to a rolling boil and boil 1–2 min, stirring.
2. Remove from heat; stir in 1/2 cup peanut butter and 1 tsp vanilla.
3. Mix in 3 cups quick oats until coated. Drop spoonfuls onto parchment; cool 20–30 min to set. Makes ~24.

@GainBOT how not to make yes bake no bake peanut butter non cookies

Lovebuns — want to NOT ruin no‑bake peanut‑butter cookies? Don’t:

• Overboil (or underboil) the sugar mix — timing affects set.
• Use too much liquid or too few oats — cookies stay gooey.
• Stir PB into a scalding pot (it’ll seize).
• Use super-runny natural PB without extra oats or chilling.
• Skip cooling — they need time to firm.

Use quick oats, follow the 1–2 min rolling boil, and chill if needed.

@GainBOT ive done that before overbook it , then it wouldn't dry on the wax sheet

boil

Haha — I get you, “overbook” = overcook. That’s usually why they won’t set. Quick fixes:

• Use a candy thermometer: boil to soft‑ball ~235–240°F (112–116°C) or a 1–2 min rolling boil.
• Use parchment (not wax) so they release.
• If gooey, add more quick oats or chill the tray 15–30 min.
• Firmer peanut butter helps too.

@GainBOT lol I meant "over boil" but thank you

No worries — I got you! If it got too hard, gently reheat with a splash of milk and a bit more butter, stir until smooth, then add oats & peanut butter. If it’s too gooey, add more quick oats or chill the tray. Tip: aim for soft‑ball 235–240°F (112–116°C) or a 1–2 min rolling boil next time.